How to write references in essay
Topics For Criminal Justice Ethics Paper
Thursday, August 27, 2020
Public relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Open connection - Essay Example ns having equitably arranged societies and governments; rather, it could be contended that the noteworthy partiality among majority rules system and free enterprise cultivates the more prominent utilization of advertising practice in industrialist monetary frameworks while one could present the conclusion suggestion that even act of advertising unavoidably will urge nondemocratic countries to turn out to be more democraticââ¬â¢. The intensity of advertising to impact the assessment of general society even in serious issues like the political arrangement of a specific state can be in some cases a danger for the market particularly in situations where the focused on conclusion has been planned and forced after an extreme weight from the gathering that will increase huge benefit both straightforwardly or in a roundabout way. In any case, much of the time advertising can prompt positive results. Hence, Levy (2002, 34) expressed that ââ¬ËPR power utilized early can not just lessen the results of human mistake and delicacy yet in addition help make positives - more business, a superior administrative atmosphere and improved remaining with the media - by means of broad communications inclusion on social assistance exercises; PR can make promoting claims progressively believable, and give the cases more effect, since when the broad communications tell scores of millions that something is in this way, the advertisements that follow are increasingly trusted as well as more interestingââ¬â¢. For instance to the above presumptions, the instance of Wal â⬠Mart is introduced by the above specialist with an end goal to help the validity of his announcements. All the more explicitly, the exploration made in the region has uncovered the presence of a situation where advertising prompted an expansion of the ex hibition of the organization in question. As Levy discovered ââ¬ËWal-Mart has expanded its deals of secondary school class rings - at 2,800 stores and on the web - by including how to purchase data in news discharges; the accounts cause possible clients to feel progressively great about purchasing (Levy, 2002, 34). From a comparable perspective it has been
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Canada and Chemical Weapons :: Canadian Canada History
Canada and Chemical Weapons Concoction weapons go back the Peloponnesian war of 428-424 BC when they were utilized against the Spartans; the synthetic substances utilized were flammable gadgets and sulfur-based gases that were passed up the breeze onto assaulted urban areas. The compound weapons utilized at that point aren't close to as dangerous as those utilized in later occasions, for example, mustard gas, they were more to cause there foes to withdraw. There have been numerous occurrences in history in which synthetic weapons have been utilized as I have found in two articles on the historical backdrop of concoction weapons. The articles I discovered are A Short History of Chemical Weapons, and Making the Faith: The Canadian Gas Services in the First World War. Substance weapons have been utilized in numerous events in war, including Ancient Times, The Middle Ages, World War I, and World War II, etc all through time. Numerous sorts of compound weapons have been utilized yet current concoction weapons began on April 22, 1915, with the Germans utilization of Chlorine gas on the Allie troops in WWI. In this episode 6,000 chambers of the gas were discharged by 2 contingents along a 6 kilometer of the front, and the breeze scattered the billows of gas murdering 5,000 warriors and putting 1,500 increasingly out of the war. This caused extraordinary frenzy since in no way like this had occurred previously and wasn't normal by the partners. Past to this occasion in the Middle Ages they utilized such things as arsenic and progressively normal things as synthetics which were as ground-breaking as the chlorine gas wound up being in WWI. Concoction weapons were utilized commonly after the Germans utilized chlorine gas in WWI, chlorine, phosgene, benzyl bromide, hydrogen cyanide, and afterward mustard gas in 1917. Mustard gas turned into the most noticeably terrible and most well known substance weapon utilized when it came out in view of the fact that it was so unsafe to the adversaries; also it was calculated that 1,300,000 troopers were executed by the concoction weapons before the finish of WWI. This paper expressed that: If the principal World War had proceeded for one more year it would without a doubt have been known as the main Chemical War (A Short History of Chemical Weapons) In WWII the utilization of compound weapons diminished a ton and was just utilized in the Far East. Since WWI has truly been known as the origin of compound weapons Tim Cook begins his article there with the Germans utilization of chlorine gas and how substance weapon use heightened starting there.
Friday, August 21, 2020
My Short and Long-Term Goals - Our Sample Paper
My Short and Long-Term Goals - Our Sample Paper My Short and Long-Term Goals Our Sample Paper I was born in a community known as âNagaratharsâ, who are well known all over the world of finance. This fame for finance is comes from the fact that our ancestors travelled all over the world doing business with other communities. I inherited the same qualities from my ancestors because I am very much interested in business. Having been born in the era of information technology, I was carried away into studying IT but found out that my passion was in business. I have worked in Information Technology across various industries like banking, financial services, electronics, software services, retail, consumer products, automobile, and pharmaceutical in the last 14 years as an SAP management consultant. Working with the top ERP Products, SAP, I have gained in-depth knowledge of business operations in finance/controlling configuration based on US GAAP, Strategic Enterprise Management, Business Intelligence, Advanced Planning and Optimization, Customer Relationship Management, Suppli er Relationship Management, Materials Management, Production Planning, Sales Distribution, Human Resources, Profitability, Point of Sales, and Revenue Recognition. Throughout these 14 years, I always wanted to be at the top. Working as an elite consultant with SAP America and IBM, I had the potential to earn up to $250/ hr. However, I chose to take a full time job because the confidential information is not shared with consultants. In this regard, I felt that I was not getting the right information to keep pushing me up the ladder. As the head of SAP in my current company, I work with our CFO on a daily basis. I get a lot of exposure on how Systemax is running a business across various industries globally. With this in mind, my long-term career goal is to become a chief executive officer of one of the largest companies in the United States. This will necessitate changing career objectives because if I continue with my current career path, it is clear that I will end up as a CIO. Even though I understand how companies operate from the technology side, in business operations I am not educated enough to understand the whole business strategy. The CEOâs dream cannot be fulfilled without knowing the strategies involved in operating the business, sales and marketing and a real time experience as a management consultant. With this in mind, my immediate short-term goal is to gain more knowledge in areas like strategic management, marketing, and global economy to make me well rounded. NYUâs global study program will be a big boost. After completing my MBA, my other short-term goal is to join management consulting companies like McKinsey, The Boston Consulting Group, and Bain and Booze. I would like to get back on the road and travel to various prestigious places to meet clients to implementing strategies, especially for mergers and acquisitions, and venture capitals. I want to spend a fruitful 10 years as Mergers and Acquisition Management Consultant before I make a huge jump. After attaining my MBA, my long-term goal is to become a CEO of a top company. Even though I understand how the companies operate from the technology side in business operations, I am not educated enough to understand the whole business strategy. The CEO dream cannot be fulfilled without knowing the strategies involved in operating a business, sales and marketing and a real time experience as a management consultant. With this in mind, the Executive MBA is a stepping-stone to achieve my woman-CEO goal. I am confident that the business strategy skills, marketing acumen, and holistic mindset that I will acquire during my MBA would give me the perfect foundation to achieve these goals.
Monday, May 25, 2020
Hitler And Stalin Roots Of Evil - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 932 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Adolf Hitler Essay Did you like this example? There are a multitude of methods to which an individuals personality, behavior, and ethical leadership can influence an organization. First, this essay will analyze the distinct leadership characteristics of Hitler and Stalin via various lessons throughout chapter 2 of the textbook. Then, this essay will evaluate the personality traits, motives, and cognitive determinants that were representative of Hitler and Stalins leadership roles. Next, this essay will examine the significance of influence relating to the moral intensity, moral sensitivity, and organizational situation on these two leaders. This essay will then conclude with a comparable real-life scenario to this analysis. Lesson 2-1a defines several personality traits which contribute to the successfulness of a leader. While Stalin and Hitler lacked a moral compass, they were tremendously successful in their leadership roles. They shared personal traits and interpersonal behaviors such as self-confidence, enthusiasm, assertiveness, emotional intelligence, and extraversion (Dubrin, 2019, figure 2-1). Stalin and Hitler were mass murderers; contributing to more than 60 million innocent deaths; however, they could inspire millions of people to embrace their horrendous actions as necessities for a better future and world. Through these abhorrent actions, Stalin and Hitler effectively changed the world and will forever be disparagingly memorialized in history. Both Hitler and Stalin did possess high levels of self-awareness when it came to how the masses reacted to Hitler and Stalins actions. Both men used relationship management to convince the people that they had a calling to serve their people and they believed they were better suited, more than anyone else, to carry out leadership roles. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hitler And Stalin Roots Of Evil" essay for you Create order As to Hitler and Stalins motives; the video discusses how both men were raised by abusive fathers, had deprived childhoods, and eventually grew to have women issues, suffer from paranoia, and disdain for their physical attributes. These are all attributes that would signify low self-esteem, introversion, and inadequacy; however, these two leaders used these particularities as fuel to advance themselves. Hitler and Stalin became leaders with high power motives (Dublin, 2019, lesson 2-2a). These men clearly possessed personalized power motives; however, they both believed they were following a more socialized power motive. Hitler and Stalin actually presumed that killing those people contributed to the good of their countries. Stalin changed his name because the name Stalin meant man of steel (Emile, 2016). Hitler and Stalin had an insatiable lust to dominate and show everyone how powerful they were. Both men had an achievement motivation drive to reshape their country and deliberately removed any opposing obstacles, whether it be a person, idea, or a physical structure. It is possible the influence from Hitler and Stalins heredity and surrounding environment may have influenced their abusive, brutal, and paranoid reign; however, there is no denying they were fully aware of how their actions and had no mindfulness or social awareness (Dublin, 2019, 2-1b). Hitler used his emotional intelligence to determine which aspects of his countrys culture he could distort. Germany was ravaged by WW1. People were poor and frustrated. Hitler used this combined with his hatred for Jewish people to mislead the Germans to believe all their financial and country issues stemmed from the inferior Jewish community. The people of his country were despite and needed something to unite them and sadly, this was as good a reason as any. Similarly, Stalin also united the Russian people after the revolution. Stalin rose to power and held a powerful, highly respected position, he decided to assassinate any possible enemiesand even friend who became too popular (Emile, 2016). People became scared of him and would not challenge his actions. Years ago, my manager was replaced by a Lebanese manager who had never worked in the United States. He worked for our company, which is an international company, for many years and was very good friends with the COO. The COO was of course, best friends with the CEO, which gave both men high status. Unfortunately, he was raised in a very strict home where the women stayed home, had children, went to church, and the men essentially ruled the house and provided (as they saw fit) for the family. He was not thrilled to meet our group which consisted of 4 women and one male. He instantly promoted the male over the rest of us even though he had only been with the company for 3 years and our manager was there for 33 years. She was extremely intelligent and help 2 doctorates. That did not matter to him at all. He proceeded to tell us how things were gonna go and what was expected of us and if we couldnt work late because of children or other obligations, we didnt need to be there. He was rut hless, insulting, and degrading. Two women quite within 6 months and everyone, including the male coworker, filed complaints with HR. That being said, he was extremely smart. He had a great knowledge of the business and when he wasnt being a jerk would explain to me how the different areas of the company were affected by others. For example, how our Texas supply chain group affected sales in Italy or Germany. He helped make our Finance dept. much more efficient and even helped automate several processes. I cant say I respected him or that I liked him even a little, but I was impressed by his knowledge and skill. In a way, I find he was like Stalin and Hitler, albeit, on a much less horrendous scale. He demanded respect, had drive, and great cognitive factors, but he had a personalized power motive, and a serious lack of insight. Successful leadership is difficult and takes many years and skills to acquire.
Thursday, May 14, 2020
The New Deal The Great Depression - 2088 Words
Alexis Brucell History 17B Professor Dan Defoe 2 April 2016 The New Deal In the 1930s America was experiencing what was the Great Depression, ââ¬Å"the worst economic disaster in American Historyâ⬠(Foner, 158). The economy had hit an all-time low and unemployment was at its peak. After elected, President Franklin Delano Rooseveltââ¬â¢s created the ââ¬Å"New Dealâ⬠, and it was the greatest reform movement of its time. The New Deal provided a daring reform policy without starting a war or revolution. Even though many criticized President Roosevelt for his ââ¬Å"try anythingâ⬠method and believed he was recklessly spending, he rescued the American economy of free enterprise by stepping in and actually doing something that helped the economy. When Hoover was president, the gap between the rich and the poor was so dramatic, the country probably would have had another revolution and blood would be shed. When President Roosevelt was elected, he instated a series of reforms to help with the countless problems in America. Though many of the programs failed, some achieved lasting success and still exist today. The New Deal provided lasting reforms like the Social Security Act and the Fair Labor Standards Act, and established exemplary standards that continue to go on and create better lives for millions of Americans to this day. In Franklin D. Roosevelt s efforts to get America out of the great depression, he created the New Deal, and improved it with the second New Deal, and these brought aShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression And The New Deal1318 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic collapse that occurred in the 1930s. It was a pivotal moment in American history. Its effects were not only felt in the United States, but spread worldwide. In response and as an attempt to rectify the calamity, President Franklin D. Roosevelt launched a set of federal programs called the New Deal. The New Deal was aimed at bringing about an end to the crippling Great Depression with the least amount of economic casualties in America as possibleRead MoreThe Great Depression : The New Deal853 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Great Depression brought many changes to the United States of Americas but the New Deal allowed for the protection of the entire nation. At first political leaders like Herbert Hoover, felt that the depression was only temporary and failed to comprehend the depth that the nation was in. Women and minorities began losing their jobs faster than men but soon when white men were walking down the streets searching for an opportunity. When Roosevelt took office in date he would address the depressionRead MoreThe Great Depression And The New Deal Essay1417 Words à |à 6 Pages1930s were a time of great suffering and uncertainty in the United States. The country was crippled by effects of the Great Depression; the result was a massive decline in jobs and economic stabi lity that dramatically impacted both rural and urban communities. Millions of Americans were out of work, unable to support their families. State organizations and charities were unable to meet the growing needs of the people and many were left to fend for themselves. The Great Depression brought with it aRead MoreThe Great Depression And The New Deal1177 Words à |à 5 Pagesdiscussing how women, blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans, were impacted by the Depression and the New Deal. I will also be discussing the long-term legacies of the New Deal and the major historical assessments that have been made of the New Deal. I will also be giving my thoughts and views on the assessments that have been made of the New Deal. The New Deal and Minorities The Great Depression was caused by the stock market crash in 1929. This stock market crash put the UnitedRead MoreThe Great Depression And The New Deal2393 Words à |à 10 PagesIn the early 1920s, after the close of World War I a couple years earlier, Americans were seemingly prospering in their daily affairs. The nine-year span from 1920 to 1929 was filled with new and stirring changes; inventions, like automobiles powered by gas, innovative household appliances, like radios and vacuums, womenââ¬â¢s suffrage, and more were taking off and changing the era. Companies were thriving in what was known as the Roaring Twenties. Stocks and production were greatly increasing too. ThisRead MoreEssay on The Great Depression and The New Deal 1211 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Great Depression and The New Deal The Great Depression first started as early as 1928, but did not affect the United States until 1929. The Great Stock Market crash started the event of the Depression here in America, but was not the main cause to why it happened. During the early stages of the depression, President Hoover failed to help the economy and continuedRead MoreImpact Of The New Deal On The Great Depression1355 Words à |à 6 Pages Impact of the New Deal on the Great Depression Preceding the Great Depression, the United States went through a glorious age of prosperity, with a booming market, social changes, and urbanization; America was changing. At the end of the 1920ââ¬â¢s and well through the 1930ââ¬â¢s, America was faced with its greatest challenge yet; the 1929 stock market crash. It would be the end of the prosperity of the ââ¬Å"Roaring Twentiesâ⬠. Now the American government and its citizens were faced with a failing economyRead MoreThe Great Depression and the New Deal Essay example999 Words à |à 4 PagesGreat Depression The Great Depression and the New Deal In response to the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt was ready for action unlike the previous President, Hubert Hoover. Hoover allowed the country to fall into a complete state of depression with his small concern of the major economic problems occurring. FDR began to show major and immediate improvements, with his outstanding actions during the First Hundred Days. He declared the bankRead MoreImpact Of The New Deal And Programs On The Great Depression1274 Words à |à 6 Pages Impact of the New Deal and programs on the Great Depression Preceding the Great Depression, the United States went through a glorious age of prosperity, with a booming market, social changes,and urbanization..America was changing. At the end of the 1920ââ¬â¢s well through the 1930ââ¬â¢s, America was faced with itââ¬â¢s greatest challenge yet. The 1929 stock market crash was the end to the prosperity of the ââ¬Å"Roaring Twentiesâ⬠. Now the people and government were faced with a huge problem,a failing economy. PresidentRead MoreGreat Depression and New Deal Study Guide1119 Words à |à 5 PagesGreat Depression and New Deal Study Guide: Events Causes/Effects of the Great Depression: widespread banking failures. The banks invested peopleââ¬â¢s money in the stock market and created major losses. Goals of the New Deal- three goals: relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform Causes of the Dust Bowl The Bonus Army The Crash of 1929 People Herbert Hoover- was the president at the start of the great depression. He was the republican nominee but he realized later
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Lifespan Development - 945 Words
* Lifespan development is the field tha examine pattern of growth, change, and stability in behavior. (womb to tomb) * Major topical Areas (Physical Dev., Cognitive Dev., Personality Dev., Social Dev.) * Physical- Body and the brain. * Cognitive- Growth and behavior * Personality- Stability and change * Social- interaction and relationships grow * Cultural factors and developmental diversity * Broad factors * Orientation toward individualism or collectivism * Finer differences * Ethnicity * Race * Socioeconomic Race * Gender * Korosol increase stress * Cohort- group of people born at around the same time in the same place *â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Nurture: the extent to which dev. Is influence by biological inheritance and/or environmental experiences * Nature proponents argue that an evolutionary and genetic foundation produces commonalities in growth and dev. * Nurture proponents emphasize the importance of both the biological and social environment. * Stability and change: t he degree to which early traits and characteriistics persist through life or change * Stability traits and characteristics are seen as the results of heredity and early life experiences * Change: traits and characteristics can be altered by later experiences * Role of early and later experiences is hotly debated * Continuity and Discontinuity: focuses on whether dev. is either: * A process of gradual, cumulative * Diverse but complementary theories are used for explaining life-span dev.: * Psychoanalytic theories: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, genital * Cognitive: Thinking * Behavioral and social cognitive theories: Reinforcement, Punishment, * Psychoanalytic Theories: describe dev. As primarily unconscious * True understanding requires analyzing the symbolic meaning of behavior * Early experiences with parents extensively shape dev. * Freudââ¬â¢s theory: * Focus of sexual impulses changes throughout dev. * 5 stages of psychosexual dev. * Adult personality is determine by the way weShow MoreRelatedLifespan Development1516 Words à |à 7 PagesLifespan Development and Personality Luis Cervantes PSY/103 January 11, 2016 Susanne Nishino Lifespan Development and Personality Developmental psychology is the study of how human beings age and transform throughout the eight major stages of life. This paper will focus on the physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality development of individuals found in stage two, (early childhood 1-6 year olds). Through exploring, and examining the countless influences that affect their growthRead MoreLifespan Development And Communication : Development2151 Words à |à 9 Pages Lifespan development and communication ââ¬â 555101 Individual development narrative Rajbir Kaur 02/05/16 (1877) Introduction One way of looking at human development is through domains of development and how they interrelate. Sigleman and Rider (2003) define development as the systematic changes and continuities that occur between conception and death in an individual. One approach to examining human development is through an individual narrative by integrating theories of developmentRead MoreHuman Development And The Lifespan Theory1246 Words à |à 5 PagesWhile growing up my family impacted my behavior and human develop based on the major domains of the Human Development and the Lifespan Theory. The major domains of the human developments are Physical/Biological System, Cognitive System, Emotional System, and Social Systems. Each domain s focus on things which shapes an individual life. Physical/biological system domain focuses on the genetical foundation of a person. For example, the changes in body weight or appearance; however, this could affectRead MoreThe Influences On Lifespan Development Essay1780 Words à |à 8 PagesHuman development can be defined as growth and change over time that enables an individual to adapt more effectively in their environment (Reference this). The major domains of development include physical, cognitive, emotional and moral. The aim of this paper is to analyse the influences on lifespan development from the time of conception through to 18 years of age. This can be achieved by understanding the domains of development and relating the theories of lifespan development to real life examplesRead MoreMy View of Lifespan Development834 Words à |à 3 PagesLifespan development is ââ¬Å"the field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and the stability in behav ior that occur throughout the entire life spanâ⬠(Feldman, 2014, pg 5). The biological inheritance from my parents, the environments I have walked through, and my increase awareness of spirituality have molded me into a great person. Thus, ââ¬Å"development requires that we look at the joint efforts of the interaction of heredity and environment, and how, in the end underlie human behaviorâ⬠Read MoreLifespan Development : Cognitive, And Personal And Social Development1717 Words à |à 7 PagesLifespan Psychology Introduction Lifespan Development is the field of study that examines patterns, modes of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan of an individual. There are so many things to keep in mind about Lifespan Psychology; 1. Lifespan Psychology is a scientific, developmental approach that focuses on human development. 2. Scientists who study the lifespan know that neither heredity nor environment alone can account for the full range of humanRead MoreCognitive Development And Development Of Thinking Across The Lifespan Essay791 Words à |à 4 Pages Piaget describes Cognitive development as the development of thinking across the lifespan. He believes, that as children grow and their brains develop, and they move through multiple stages that are characterized by differences in their cognitive development. According to Piaget (1952), the first stage that any human being goes through is the schema stage, which he described as the foundation of where a child learns everything. The second stage is the transitional stage in which a child beginsRead MoreLifespan Development1327 Words à |à 5 PagesLife Roles: Introduction As we learned in Chapter 1 of our text, lifespan development approaches human development from a scientific standpoint. To understand how people go through similar developmental stages and become unique individuals, life developmentalists look at these stages through a framework of cultural, racial, and ethnic differences. This paper will focus on three specific life roles: student, caregiver, and parent, examining the impact of culture, gender, and social status on eachRead MoreThe Development Of Lifespan Development Essay2341 Words à |à 10 PagesLifespan Development Report Lifespan development is a particular field of study which encompasses stability and change of behaviour, and examines patterns of growth that occur throughout the entirety of the lifespan of an individual (Feldman 2014, p.5). The study of human development is incredibly important, as it aids us in the understanding of ourselves, our children, our peers and genuinely any member of any society. Development is widespread and culturally diverse, not to mention ever-changingRead MoreThe Human Lifespan Is Full Of Growth And Development2184 Words à |à 9 PagesMorgan Howard PSY 2023- Developmental Psychology Professor Hanselman-Scott 26 April 2015 The human lifespan is full of growth and development. Lifespan development is categorized into five major stages, which are the prenatal period, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. While physical changes are obvious, we also develop in less obvious ways, such as cognitively and socially. Development begins during the prenatal period. This developmental stage begins as soon as the sperm meets the egg
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Debate on climate change free essay sample
Debate on Climate Change Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of It may be a change in average weather conditions or the distribution of events around that average. for example more or fewer extreme weather events. Climate change may be limited to a particular region or may occur across the whole Earth. I t is a broader context of human dimensions in which insufficient attention has been given to the Issues on how to cultivate a cross disciplinary approach to address what Is complex and systemic problem. This essay seeks to bring that issue into focus and for the purpose of this essay shall be discussing, the description of climate change; the western nations too influence by capitalism to effectively deal with this problem with reference to Australia politics. I shall also support my view with what actions from experts should we not take to respond to climate change as well as critically analysing possible solutions to ameliorate the global warming and conclusion. Climate change Is not d new apocalypse; the climate of the earth has always been changing from year-to-year, century-to-century and millennium-to-millennium charmine EJ Hartel 2010). This Is one of the controversial issues going on In Australia polltlcs at the moment (carbon tax) which shall discuss later on In this topic. one of the greatest challenges that are facing humanity in this century according to Graeme/Pearman (2010) is climate change and degradation of the environment. It has been observed that humans produce this global impact through our use of natural resources, multiplied by the vast increase In population (reproduction consumption) seen In the past 50 to 100 years This Is also associated with lots of ther problems such as reduction of glaciers, loss of critical habitats and so on. There is no doubt that this Is a broader context of human dimensions and we need to address, for example the human causes, the consequences, and response (adaptation mltlgatlon) to climate change. We also need to address the links between these aspects ot climate change cognitive, effective, motivational, interpersonal, and organizational responses and processes of human behaviors (Swin etal 2011, Rogerson et all Lord Monckton also supported that there Is overwhelming evidence that humans are the dominant cause of this warming, rimarily due to our greenhouse ges emissions. Based on fundamental physics and mathematics, he stated that we can quantity the amount ot warming human activity is causing, and verify that were responsible for essentially all of the global warming over the past 3 decades. In fact, we expect human greenhouse gas emissions to cause more warming than weVe thus far seen, due to the thermal inertia of the oceans (the time It takes to heat them). Cached The culture and structure of our economies are related to the nature ot our climate, its regularity,Variability and severity. Climate change should therefore be a major field of inquiry in the social, behavior and organizational sciences generally. This Is especially so given because most of the human activities of this current warming are of high degree of Importance and further change need to be anticipated New scientific evidence of responses to it (see for example Hansen et all, 2007; Rahmstorf et al 2007). To avoid more increase warming in the future such responses (actions) need to be both adaptive that is how we and natural ecosystems react and response to climate change and make it less harmful, how the growth of emissions of greenhouse gases an be reduced and reversed (Charmine EJ Hartel, Graeme/Pearman 2010). In Australia Just as I said earlier on in this topic the issues of carbon tax is the talk of the day. It has been a big struggle between Julia Gillard (prime minister) and Tony Abbott (opposition leader). On the 8th of November, the senate passed legislation towards clean energy which they thought will pave away for one of the most important environmental and economic reforms in the nations history. According to the Julia Government the passage of the clean Energy Future legislative package will allow Australia to begin reducing emissions, developing and fostering new echnologies in renewable energy, which will encourage energy efficiency and create more opportunities in the land sector to cut pollution. The intention is to drive investment in clean energy and ensure Australia play its role as a global citizen. A fixed carbon price of $23 a tonne is set to apply from 1 July, 2012, moving to a flexible price after three years. The carbon price tax is to be paid only by Australias largest polluters. They said For most people, the Governments comprehensive Household Assistant Package will cover, and in many cases exceed, any prices rises. In fact, nine ut of 10 household will receive compensation from a combination of tax cuts and increases to family benefits (The Australia Affairs December 8, 2011). The carbon tax will introduce costs to approximately 500 businesses which are comprised of Australias heaviest polluters. Some of these companies as we know are termed trade exposed, which means that they compete with offshore companies who may not be subject to the same carbon pricing scheme. There are six streams of industry assistance in the carbon price package. The Jobs and Competitiveness Program provides $9. 2 billion worth of free permits to trade exposed industries. They will include steel manufacturers, aluminium producers and cement producers. They will receive either 94. 5% or 66% of their permit for free, depending on the intensiveness of the carbon they produced. Liquefied natural gas producers are set to receive 50% of their permit for free. The overall rate of compensation will be reduced by 1. % per year, and the entire program will be reviewed by the Productivity Commission in 2014 (Environmental Defenders Office Victoria 2011). Murray Deakin in demystifying the proposed carbon tax explain that about 500 of Australias highest polluting ompanies will be required to buy and surrender a permit with the initial priced of $23 for every tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent they emit. There is no doubt that the top 500 businesses will pass on this additional carbo n tax related cost in the form of increased prices for electricity, gas and other emission intensive products (such as steel and aluminium). There is no argument that the proposed carbon price will not have an impact on all businesses, regardless of their size and shape. Murray went further to say that global warming is real, man-made and vital, but the present esponse has not worked for 20 years, wont work now and wont solve it in the television, radio, newspapers-bad plan. This is especially true for Australia, which has introduced a carbon tax that will not work, while developing debate on an alternative solution (Dynamic business Published 2011). Furthermore, Bjorn Lomborg said the real problem with the carbon tax is not that cant be academically Justified but that it is not a significant part of the solution to environmental degradation. According to Bjorn it creates a feeling of doing good while achieving very little, and has led to a olitical polarisation on the issue, obscuring the real problem, and solution. The green energy is too expensive and not ready to replaced fossil fuels that is the real truth. Let not deceive ourselves, any realistic carbon tax right now wont be sufficient to change that. To reach the much-vaunted 2C target would require a worldwide tax on carbon of about $4000/tonne, or more than $9/litre of petrol towards the end of the century, obviously this is not politically feasible in Australia, let alone in emerging nations such as China. More also, such a tax would lead to costs many times more than the problem it was meant to fix. There is another way. The issue is that green energy is too expensive, ameliorating that by making fossil fuels so expensive no one will want them is never going to work. Instead we should be aiming on how to make green energy so cheap so that everyone can afford it. As a group of Nobel laureate economists concluded when convened by the Copenhagen Consensus Centre to identify the smartest solutions to this challenge, we should devote Just 0. 2 per cent of global GDP, roughly $100bn a year, to green energy research and development. I believed that this would have a much higher likelihood than the introduction of arbon tax which is kind of game-changing breakthroughs needed to fuel a carbon- free future. The global warming will be fixed if we could provide solar panels that are cheaper than fossil fuels in the next two to three decade for everyone to switch to. Not only would such a solution be much less expensive than trying to cut carbon emissions, it would also reduce global warming far more quickly. The developing countries would be likely to embrace this solution rather than the carbon tax. Australia as one of the leader on climate change, should aim to be a real leader in solving the problem. It could do so by smartly funding green research instead of increasing people burden by this present carbon tax. By doing so Australia would save more money with cheaper climate policy that could actually work and could bridge the gap between the government and opposition (The Australian Affairs 2011). I agree we live in global economy with much of it having a lower production costs than our own in the developed world and we must prudently respond to the threat of climatic changes. Irrespective of where we live whether in Australia, Europe, USA, Japan, Australia, New Zealand or Japan, we know our Job losses are draining our ountries and making it more difficult to support our retirement plans, health benefits, and even our national defence. But we must be careful not to further increase the costs of our products and services. Therefore we ought not to commit ourselves to actions that will put us at disadvantage, whether it is the Kyoto protocol or some other vehicle Increase our taxes on fuels (e. g. , a carbon tax) that are inputs to production and services. We should not forget that the most valuable things we have are our health, our lives, and our family, and it is not wise to place them at risk y driving, or riding in, vehicles that put them at risk in order to save energy or other even though it would be one of the most immediate steps to slow C02 emissions. There are many ideas that may not have advantage. For example, using biofuels that have a high fossil energy input in fertilizer or machinery, or planting trees to reduce C02, but finding out they also absorb solar radiation more than what they replace. In responding to global warming, we should take actions that make sense in their own right and which will be important whether the Earth warms or cools in the near uture. It is a certainty that the Earth in distant future will warm beyond what we have today and that the next ice age is waiting in the wings, but not for another 30,000 years or so, according to IPCC 2007- present knowledge of solar variability and orbital mechanics. If we are concerned about global warming, a guiding principle is to do things that yield a cost savings or are neutral. Overall, we should focus on how to reduce our cost of goods sold and, at the consumer level, our living expenses, while at the same time cleaning up our act and looking for ways to Improve Energy Efficiency and Energy Sources (Rogerson et al 2010). In conclusion, from all the points carefully illustrated above I believed I have been able to convince the audiences that western nations are too influence by capitalism to deal with the problem of climate change. We all can play a critical role in addressing these issues by fostering a sustainable environment. We need to develop multiple strategies for fostering a sustainable environment which could be draw from the diversity of topics and areas of specializations or discipline. A well- developed research should be carried out on how to foster environmentally ustainable behaviors. These interventions should be targeted on education of the public, message framing, feedback, decision making, the media, incentives and disincentives, and social marketing. In fostering a sustainable environment, other sciences and professions as well as religion and ethics need to actively involve on it. We ought to be more involved directly, systematically, and visibly to draw on our current knowledge and to have palpable impact (Swin et al 2011). One of the problems we have today is that we want the world to change, but that is not true- is ot the world that need to be change it is we that need to be change because we can only change the world if we change ourselves. Those that have been in relationship for some length of time will agree with me that its not easy to change someone that is close to us but rather for us to change ourselves. So it is very important for us to re-orientate ourselves, change our attitudes for this is the only way we would serve the world very well and make it a better place to live. The last and not the list this essay has lots of limitations. The need for further and ongoing multi-disciplinary and nternational research is both necessary and pressing.
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